Showing posts with label 1970s Belfast. Show all posts
Showing posts with label 1970s Belfast. Show all posts
Brandon Sullivan ✍ with the second in a run of pieces on 1970s Belfast.

Introduction

As I noted in my previous article, I do not have the resources to confirm if a named individual is definitively the same named individual from source to source. I only include them if the ages and location match that which has been confirmed.

Most articles that I write have something of an arc to them, a conclusion at the end. This one isn’t really like that, it’s more a portrait of elements of a society that were somewhat eclipsed by political conflict.

This article is also an appeal for information. If you know anything about those mentioned, please do get in touch.

1974

Whilst looking into the life of another man for a different piece, I came across an article covering the inquest of Sean McAstocker, who was killed on the 31st March 1974, aged 28. At the time of his death, Mr McAstocker lived in the area of Belfast where I was born.



Early 1960s – Sean McAstocker AKA Eamon Lundy


On 11th October 1962, the Belfast Telegraph reported that two Belfast youths, Eamon Lundy and Hugh Moss, both 19, had been charged with breaking into shops in Clerkenwell, London. Lundy was actually named Sean McAstocker, and had given a police officer named Sedgwick a false name, as well as a false address: Keegan Street, Belfast. Both men were jailed for shop-breaking, Moss for six months, and McAstocker for four.

The Belfast Telegraph also reported, on 28th June 1961, that a 17-year-old man named Eamon Lundy, of 15 Keegan Street, was sentenced to three months in prison having assaulted Albert Donaghy. The article stated that:

District-Inspector E. N. Tease, prosecuting, said that unprovoked attacks were all too frequent and were giving the police considerable trouble, especially in the city centre.

I have no way of knowing if 17-year-old Eamon Lundy is Sean McAstocker.

There does indeed appear to have been an Eamon Lundy who lived at Keegan Street, Belfast. His name appears here. I have also been told that a man named Lundy from Keegan Street was shot and wounded by the British army around the time of internment.

McAstocker’s co-accused – PIRA Volunteer Hugh Moss

Nine years after 19-year-old Hugh Moss spent time in a London prison for shop-breaking with McAstocker, a group of men were arrested at a house in Ardoyne and remanded in custody, facing charges of possession of weapons. The Belfast Telegraph, 26th October 1971, reported that John Patrick “Topper” Deeds (30), Hugh Moss (28), Peter Grimley (28), Joseph Grimley (33), Terence “Cleeky” Clarke (24), and Philip Noel Larkin (20) were charged with possessing a .45 submachine gun with intent and under suspicious circumstances.

All of the men, except Clarke, were charged with involvement in a gun attack upon the Royal Green Jackets that took place in September 1971. The Belfast Telegraph reported on 22nd March 1972 that arms charges had been dropped against Joseph Grimley, Deeds, Larkin, and Moss.

Moss’s comrades in 1971 and 1972 went on to serve jail terms for PIRA activity. “Topper” Deeds was accused of involvement in the abduction and attempted murder of Ronnie Trimble, a man believed by his captors to be member of the UDA, in 1974. Terence “Cleeky” Clarke was named by Kevin Myers as being involved in the murder of the Orr brothers in 1972. Two of Clarke’s brothers would serve life sentences for sectarian murders.

Late 1960s – Sean McAstocker

Now living on Boundary Street, on the lower Shankill, McAstocker was sentenced to three months in prison for assaulting three police officers who arrived to remove from him a pub he refused to leave at closing time. The Belfast Telegraph reported on 9th January 1969 that he pleaded guilty to assault and malicious damage charges.

Later in 1969, McAstocker received prison terms for two incidents.

On 10th June 1969, and with an address at Cromwell Street, McAstocker was sentenced to 12 months in prison for assaulting Mr John Shevlin with a piece of cable. The incident happened on Bankmore Street (where McAstocker gave an address for his second trial in 1969). At court, McAstocker’s mother-in-law, Elizabeth McReynolds, said that: ''[McAstocker] was swinging it [length of cable] and shouting 'any one of you.’”

Mr Shevlin suffered a number of facial fractures in the assault. McAstocker’s lawyer stated that “at the very least, McAstocker had been set upon by other men."

Shevlin claimed that he had been working in the street at the time of the attack.

A 22-year-old man named John Shevlin, of Wilton Street (Shankill area) was given a suspended sentence in 1970 for possession of offensive weapons.

On 19th June 1969, McAstocker was sentenced to four years in prison for robbery with violence. He stole £338 from a bookmakers (equivalent to almost £5k today).

There were no further media reports, that I could find, concerning Sean McAstocker until reports of his murder.

30th March 1973 – the murder of Sean McAstocker

Around 21:15 on 30th March 1973, Sean McAstocker was drinking with a man in a pub (identified by The Times as Charlie Farrell’s) in the Ormeau area. A hooded man entered the premises and approached McAstocker. The Belfast Telegraph (8/10/74) reported that a man drinking with McAstocker gave the following account at the inquest:

This fellow with a hood on came up to Sean and asked him to go with him. Sean replied 'no' and the fellow produced a gun and told him 'are you coming with me, you bastard?'

The witness heard a shot, and then said a second shot was fired towards the ceiling. McAstocker then left the bar with the man. The same article reported:

A scenes of crime officer said the body was found lying behind a wall in a play-ground at the corner of Lagan Street and Turnley Street. Extensive damage had been caused to the head, and in his hand the dead man clutched a balaclava type helmet which had to be prised from him.

McAstocker was beaten before his death, and shot 14 times, with a lawyer for the Northern Ireland Office saying:

Even in the category of murders that Northern Ireland has had to contend with today, this was a particularly cruel and callous one, carried out on an absolutely defenceless man.

The excellent book covering the Official IRA & Workers Party, The Lost Revolution, says that:

 ... the OIRA 'executed' Sean McAstocker in the Markets after they discovered he was part of a gang that had carried out several brutal killings” (Hanley & Miller).

Robert Risk reported that McAstocker had been subjected to a punishment shooting several weeks beforehand by the PIRA, and that it was them, the Provos, Fisk believed responsible for the killing of McAstocker, on the grounds that he had “attacked a young girl.”

Frederick Davis – murdered 12th July 1973 (killing linked to Sean McAstocker)

Former RAF man Fred Davis was found strangled to death in a house in Seaforde Street, with a note saying “this is for Sammy McCleave” in his pocket. A female witness told the RUC that Davis and two other men went to her house. The two men and the witness played strip poker, while Davis watched. The witness later went to bed, and when she woke up, all of the men had gone (Lost Lives p388 – 378).

The two men were later charged with murder, but cleared. They were Francis Joseph Benson (27), and Peter Paul Rice (26) of Valentine Street (New Lodge). Rice and Benson were brought back from England where they were living at the time, Rice having left Belfast on 17th July. It was reported that Rice had connections with the Provisional IRA. The Official IRA believed that Sean McAstocker was involved in Frank Benson’s death.

Francis Joseph Benson (AKA Frank, or Frankie
Benson - killing linked to Sean McAstocker)

In 1970, Francis Benson, of North Queen Street, was sentenced to four months in prison for disorderly behaviour and malicious damage. In October 1969, Benson had threatened a publican with a hammer, and later smashed the man’s car windscreen. The publican called the police three times on Benson. Benson attempted to appeal the sentence, only to be told by the Belfast Recorder, Judge Topping, that the appeal bordered on an “abuse” of the process, saying to Benson: “You have been guilty of almost every offence on the criminal calendar."

Later that year, in October, Frank Benson was convicted of assaulting a police officer, having become involved in a row at a family gathering whilst drunk. The man who sentenced him, William Doyle, was killed by the IRA 13 years later.

Peter Paul Rice

In 1965, an 18-year-old named Peter Paul Rice from Nelson Street (New Lodge) was returned to borstal after he created a disturbance in a pub and then kicked the licensee, an elderly woman, in the face after she ejected him and another man, James Patrick MacDermott (a seaman).

In 1971, the Belfast Telegraph reported that a 24-year-old man named Peter Rice from Valentine Street (New Lodge) was sentenced to nine months in prison for rioting. The magistrate initially issued a sentence of three months, but this activated a suspended sentence.

Theorising the killings

McAstocker and many of those linked to him were older than typical IRA volunteers operating in the early 1970s. The activities that brought them to the attention of the police also differed from those carried out by the IRA. However, the early 1970s were a chaotic time, and I believe McAstocker was an “auxiliary” with the Provos, albeit one who fell foul of them. I think it’s probable that Benson was also. Some newspaper reports link him to the Provisionals – but if McAstocker was killed for his part in Benson’s killing, then that would suggest Benson had Official IRA links, or that McAstocker had been involved in killing a different person with Official IRA links. I think either theory is plausible.

I also suspect, but have no proof, that the Provos would have killed McAstocker sooner or later. In 2005, the Irish Independent carried an article about a prime suspect in the murder of Robert McCartney which said:

 ... this man comes from a family notorious for knife-wielding butchery. In an eerie prequel to the murder of Robert McCartney, the uncle of the prime suspect was part of a drunken Provisional IRA gang that beat and stabbed to death Francis Joseph Benson in November 1973. Benson was punched in an unprovoked attack by the uncle in a bar in the Markets, then others joined in. They dragged the unfortunate Benson, a 28-year-old docker, into an alley off Stewart Street and butchered him, dumping the body in a derelict house.

I initially looked into McAstocker as I was trying to work out who may have been behind an extremely brutal sectarian murder of a Protestant civilian, Samuel White, in December 1972. I couldn’t find any evidence to link McAstocker, or indeed anyone else, to the killing of White. But what I did discover was a thriving violent underworld in the nationalist community which was largely hidden by the intensity of the political violence.

There was the acquisitive and anti-social crime and violence committed by the likes of McAstocker, Benson, and Rice. There were the routine bombings and shootings carried out by the Provos, and at times the feud that erupted between the Sticks and the Provos. And, of course, there was the vicious, bloody, vindictive campaign of loyalist violence against nationalists, as well as frequently brutal persecution by the security forces. 

All in all, the nationalist community was subjected to significant violence. Within this, the 1974 murder of 53-year-old Gladys Mayne, bludgeoned to death in her New Lodge home, got very little press. I do not know if anyone was arrested, let along charged with her death. When I read of the violent demise of Ms Mayne, I thought of Peter Paul Rice, a man capable of kicking an elderly woman in the face. But there is no evidence whatsoever to link Rice to Mayne’s murder, and Gladys Mayne was likely killed by someone close to her. I could also find no further information of Peter Paul Rice.

I may write a third part, focusing on violence in and around the New Lodge. I’d be keen to hear from anyone with knowledge of this subject.

 ⏩ Brandon Sullivan is a middle aged, middle management, centre-left Belfast man. Would prefer people focused on the actual bad guys. 

Life, Death, Crime, And Violence In Belfast In The Early 1970s @ Part 2

Brandon Sullivan ✍ with the first in a run of pieces on 1970s Belfast.

Intro

As I often note in these pieces, I do not have the resources to confirm if a named individual is definitively the same named individual from source to source. I only include them if the ages and location match that which has been confirmed.

Most articles that I write have something of an arc to them, a conclusion at the end. This one isn’t really like that, it’s more a portrait of elements of a society that were somewhat eclipsed by political conflict.

This article is also an appeal for information. If you know anything about those mentioned, please do get in touch.

1970

On the 22nd of February 1958, The Birmingham Mail (often a surprisingly good source for conflict related information) reported that “three Irishmen” stole a safe, and were apprehended following a police chase that was described by a court official as sounding like “a scene from an American gangster film. Two of the men, Arthur McKenna (23) and Alexander McVicker (22), were sentenced to three years in prison whilst a third, George Augustus McAtackney (21), received sentences totalling four years. The safe contained over £500, worth almost £10,000 nowadays. The men had travelled over for Belfast reportedly to carry out this theft, suggesting they had contacts in the city, and the a degree of knowhow to carry it out.

KcKenna and George McAtackney, received a prison sentence for loitering with intent in the 1950s, and then I could find no mention of McAtackney again, though a male relative was possibly charged with drug possession in Belfast, 1971. And until 1970, there was no mention that I could find of Alexander McVicker, though Arthur McKenna had a storied criminal record, though for acquisitive crime rather than violence.

However, in Ballymurphy and the Irish War by Ciarán De Baróid, this is said about Arthur McKenna and Alexander McVicker:

The McKenna and McVicker outfit were also (as well as running gambling houses) involved in minor racketeering. They fenced stolen goods, lent money at exorbitant rates of interest, ran small protection rackets, and when the opportunity arose, invested their talents in burglaries and robberies. Generally acknowledged as rough diamonds, not to be crossed if you valued limb and property, they maintained a stranglehold over Greater Ballymurphy. A former fellow-traveller would later comment:

‘Very few people would take them on, because if you did it never ended. If one of them got in a fight they weren’t happy until the other bloke ended up a hospital job. Then they’d wreck your house as well. That’s how they controlled this whole area; they just terrorised the whole place.’

The book also noted that:

By late 1970 the two Ballymurphy men had also begun to cross swords with a new organisation – the Provisional Irish Republican Army – in the course of their extortionist activities. It was a fatal error.

The IRA shot both men on the streets of Ballymurphy in 1970: “The local population was stunned. Bad and all as things were, nothing like this had ever happened before.”

Why did the IRA kill McKenna and McVicar? Their control over Ballymurphy would not have gone unnoticed. And perhaps some IRA members found their criminality distasteful. But every iteration of the IRA has been keenly aware of the threat of informers, and criminals, particularly career criminals, who are wide open to be manipulated into being informers. Whilst there is no evidence to suggest either McKenna or McVicker were informers, McKenna’s brother, Jimmy, later worked for the UVF, and allegedly the RUC Special Branch, having previously been a British soldier. His UVF “minder” was Billy Hutchinson, who talked about Jimmy McKenna in his memoirs. More can be read here and here.

Feb 1971

A Protestant man with a criminal record close to matching that of Arthur McKenna was found bound, gagged, and shot through the head on the 7th of February 1971. Albert Edward Bell was 25 years old, and had served prison terms for breaking into shops, and, intriguingly, escaping from a prison in Guernsey. He had republican literature in his pockets when his body was found. Bell had been released from prison two days before he was killed. In Political Murder in Northern Ireland, Martin Dillon had this to say about Bell’s murder:

Albert Edward Bell was a Protestant member of the IRA. He was found at Nutt's Corner, off the Crumlin Road, a deserted spot high above the city on the road to Aldergrove Airport, not far from the place where the three Scots soldiers were to be killed the following month. He was the victim of a clinically executed IRA killing. The pathologist’s report showed that he had been shot twice at close range by a 32 revolver. The first bullet had entered the brain from the back of the head and had travelled upwards. The second bullet had been administered after the body had fallen, and had entered the brain behind the right ear and exited on the other side of the head. Death was instantaneous. This pattern of execution was to become, with slight variations, the standard IRA killing.

Dillon alleged that the IRA killed Bell for being an informer. A republican source has confirmed that this was the reason.

26th October 1971

In the essential book for Troubles historians Tartan Gangs & Paramilitaries by Gareth Mulvenna, the author discussed the murder:

On 26 October … republicans from the Short Strand had abducted and killed a 26-year-old rope works employee named Robert McFarland. McFarland was a petty criminal of subnormal intelligence who … had recently spent time in Crumlin Road Gaol.

McFarland had been convicted of possession of an incendiary device in the grounds of a Catholic church.

Again from Tartan Gangs, then Tartan gang member, and now a respected playwright, Beano Niblock said: 

there was a guy I did know called Robert McFarland … He disappeared and the story was he walked into a Catholic bar looking to change money … he was found with his tattoos removed and he’d had a copper pipe shoved down his throat and shot.

31st October 1971

19 year old Thomas Henry Kells was found dead, close to where Albert Bell’s body was discovered, shot by the IRA. Rumours abounded that Kells and McFarland had been viciously tortured before being killed. Mulvenna reported Stormont MP Johnny McQuade saying in parliament:

Nobody in the Shankill or Woodvale areas will believe anything other than that young Kells had a tattoo on his arm cut off before the bullets were used on him.

These rumours, and Kells' friendships with later-to-be infamous loyalist paramilitaries such as Stewart Robinson and Lennie Murphy, had a radicalising effect on young loyalists.

Why did the IRA kill Bell, McFarland, and Kells?

All three men had been in prison shortly before their deaths. IRA prisoners would also have been in prison, and almost certainly the three Protestants would have been known to them. McFarland was in prison for being found with a petrol bomb in the grounds of a Catholic church, an offence for which the IRA probably would have killed him. And the IRA might also have killed Kells for his association with militant loyalists. Here is what Martin Dillon said about McFarland’s death:

McFarland had gone into the Bridge Bar in the Short Strand and tried to get a cheque cashed by the barman. The bar was frequently used by local IRA men, and McFarland got into conversation with a group of them. He asked them if he could join the IRA. They in turn asked him if he wanted to join the Officials or the Provisionals. He replied that he did not care, and the men said they would see to it for him. Later that evening, McFarland was picked up by the IRA in the Short Strand and interrogated. He was executed because they believed he was an informer giving information, gathered on his drinking visits, to the UVF on IRA activity in the area. His attempt to join the IRA of whichever wing was seen as a crude attempt to infiltrate the organization to spy on its operation.

Dillon has made a number of mistakes in his books, and I treat his work with caution. This one of his books was published in 1973, and reading it with hindsight, it seems clear to me that he was given information that he took as accurate which wasn’t in a number of cases. With regards to McFarland, there is a degree of corroboration via Beano Niblock that McFarland visited a pub in the Short Strand prior to his death. Also interesting is Mulvenna stating that he was of “subnormal intelligence” – it could perhaps be assumed he might therefore be more susceptible to manipulation from the security forces.

Perhaps Dillon is right and McFarland did attempt to infiltrate the IRA. If we accept this, it’s reasonable to speculate on who suggested he undertake such a perilous mission. This is pure speculation on my part, but I think it’s more likely that the security forces encouraged McFarland to do this. McFarland, like Bell, would have been vulnerable to coercion from the police, as criminals often are. Is it farfetched to suspect that the RUC or army would have used convicted criminals to join paramilitary groups? We know that this is standard practise. Tasking Protestants to join the IRA seems suicidal nowadays, but the IRA did have Protestant members and Bell, was at least, if not in the IRA, close enough to access information. But it’s also very possible that the IRA simply believed they’d been passing information and deigned them legitimate targets.

But Dillon also claims that Kells was executed for passing information on the IRA. John Taylor, then a Stormont MP, now a member of the House of Lords and an embarrassment on Twitter, said that the IRA had in fact kidnapped Kells in February 1971, eight months before his murder, and the same month that Bell was killed. He was clearly a person of interest to the IRA, but my hunch is that they had him pegged as a militant loyalist rather than someone spying on them.

But this is all speculation. And the spectre of sectarianism cannot be ruled out in the killing of the three men.

Part two will look at crime, violence, and killings within the Catholic community.

 ⏩ Brandon Sullivan is a middle aged, middle management, centre-left Belfast man. Would prefer people focused on the actual bad guys. 

Life, Death, Crime, And Violence In Belfast In The Early 1970s @ Part 1